A Common Approach to Geo-Referencing Building Models in Industry Foundation Classes for BIM/GIS Integration

Previous geo-referencing approaches for building information modeling (BIM) models can be problematic due to: (a) the different interpretations of term ‘geo-referencing’, (b) insufficient consideration placement hierarchy industry foundation classes (IFCs), and (c) misunderstanding that a common way to embed spatial reference IFC is absent. Therefore, objective this study (1) clarify meaning in context BIM/GIS data integration, (2) develop approach IFC. To achieve goal, systematic thorough investigation into standard was conducted assess capability Based on investigation, established using entities are versions, which makes proposed Such supports automatic would facilitate use BIM GIS, e.g., construction digital twins.